Vertical farming stacks growing layers indoors. Controlling LED spectrum, climate, and irrigation across levels requires a centralised sensor network. This guide covers building the controller.
The Indoor Farming Revolution
Vertical farms produce 10-20x per sqm vs field farming. LED costs dropping 15%/year making it viable. India’s urban areas ideal due to high land costs and year-round demand for leafy greens.
LED Spectrum Control
Red (630-660nm) + blue (440-470nm) primary wavelengths. 3:1 red:blue for vegetative growth. Far-red (730nm) promotes flowering. Full-spectrum 3000-4000K LEDs also work and are easier to source.
Climate Across Levels
Each level needs independent DHT22 monitoring. Upper levels run 3-5C warmer from rising heat. BME280 at intake/exhaust tracks ventilation effectiveness. Target 22-28C with 60-70% RH.
Irrigation Systems
Drip or NFT per level with flow sensors tracking delivery. DS18B20 in nutrient tanks for temperature monitoring. Auto-dosing maintains pH and EC targets.
Central Controller
Arduino Mega or ESP32 manages all levels. I2C multiplexer for multiple BME280 sensors. PWM dimming for LED control per level based on light sensor feedback.
Recommended Components
Economics in India
200 sqft with 4 levels: Rs 3-5 lakh setup. Monthly: Rs 15-25K operating (mainly electricity). Revenue: Rs 40-60K from premium lettuce, herbs, microgreens.
Ready to Build Your Agriculture Tech Project?
Browse our complete range of sensors and modules for smart farming at Zbotic.in. Fast shipping across India with technical support.
Frequently Asked Questions
LED spectrum for growth?
Red + blue at 3:1 ratio. 200-400 umol/m2/s PPFD for leafy greens, 400-600 for fruiting.
Setup cost?
200 sqft, 4 levels: Rs 3-5 lakh. Monthly operating Rs 15-25K.
Natural sunlight hybrid?
Yes. Polycarbonate roofing reduces electricity 40-50% but complicates temperature control.
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